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[Copyrighted 1893.] 



HANDY HELPS 



HISTORY AND LITERATURE 



UNITED STATES. 



By ANNIE E. WILSON, 

Author of Handy Helps in the Study and Heading of English History, etc. 



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PRICE, 35 CENTS. 



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LOUISVILLE : 
JOHN P. MORTON & COMPANY 

1893 



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1500—1600. 
ADVENTURERS AND DISCOVERERS. 

The impulse of discovery was strongly prevalent along the sea-coast of the 
" known world " at the time Columbus conceived the project of proving the 
roundness of the earth. Yet it was not simply this which moved him. Beyond 
this there was a hope and ambition to find a water-way from Europe to the 
East Indies. And this seems to have been the ruling motive of many of his 
successors. Balboa missed it only by the width of the Panama Isthmus. The 
Cabots followed the coast line from Carolina to Labrador in the same vain 
effort. Hudson's hopes rose high when he sailed into his namesake river; 
higher still when he found himself within the broad expanse of Hudson Bay. 
But before Magellan was ready to cry " Eureka," as the current of a far south- 
ern strait washed his ship into the beautiful Pacific Ocean, both men and 
nations began to realize that this bootless ambition, though founded in ignor- 
ance and eri'or, had nevertheless served a purpose of good to the world. It 
had stimulated, as nothing else perhaps would, have done, the exploration and 
outlining of a New Continent. 

1600—1732. 
THE COLONIES. 

Spain, following in tlie wake of Columbus' discoveries, occupied the West 
Indies, Mexico, and parts of South America, with Florida and California — 
very little else of United States territory. "Wherever they occupied, their 
impress is seen to-day. The French entered the St. Lawrence and followed it 
up to the great lakes', explored all the regions thereabouts, followed the current 
of many another river, and at last discovered the Mississippi's grand water- 
way. Hence their forts and the stations established by the Jesuit missionaries 
extended from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Between these two, the French 
on the north, and the Spaniards on the south, the English colonized at James- 
town, at Plymouth, in New York, etc., and as soon as they had gained a firm 
foothold ou the coast thev began to move westward. 



173:>_1T75. 
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

Before the middle of the Eighteenth Century the French had formed a 
chain of forts or military posts from the lakes down the Mississippi to the Gulf 
of Mexico. Determined to hem the British in on the coast side of the Alle- 
ghany Mountains, they proceeded to occupy the valley of the Ohio. 

The English, whose territorial claims almost invariably extended from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific, would not be likely to submit tamely to such restric- 
tions, although their outposts in that direction con.sisted solely in one fort at 
Oswego, on Lake Ontario, and a few scattered cabins in Western Virginia. 
The stubborn, characteristic assertion of British rights gave the impulse west- 
ward, and made inevitable the conflict between the frontier settlements of the 
respective nationalities. Hence the French and Indian War. 

This common danger united the hitherto independent and sometimes jeal- 
ous English colonies into a confederacy recognizing many common interests. 

Though England and France were nominally responsible in this war, of 
course the brunt of the fighting fell on the colonies. Each party in the con- 
test sought to enlist the friendship and secure the alliance of the native tribes 
of Indians, which made the war much more cruel and bloody than it would 
otherwise have been. 



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1789— 1T97. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
GEORGE WASHINGTON, VA., VICE-PRES. JOHN ADAMS, MASS. 

Cabinet. 

Secretary of Foreign Affairs — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 
Secretary of Treasury — Alex. Hamilton, New York. 
Secretary of War — Henry Knox, Massachusetts.' 
Attorney-General — Edmund Kandolph, Virginia. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court — John Jay, New York. 

Governors of the Thirteen States in 1789. 

New Hampshire — .John Sullivan. Delaware — Joshua Clayton. 

Massachusetts — .John Hancock. Maryland — John E. Howard. 

Khode Island — Arthur Fenner. Virginia — Beverly Kandolph. 

Connecticut — Samuel Huntington. North Carolina — Samuel Johnston. 

New York — George Clinton. South Carolina — Charles Pinckney. 

New Jersey — Wm. Livingston. Georgia — George Walton. 
Pennsvlvania — Thomas Mifflin. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

John Witherspoon, New Jersey, 1722 — 1794. "The Characteristics." "His- 
tory of a Corporation of Servants." " Serious Inquiry into the Nature 
and Effects of the Stage." " Essay on Money." " The Druid." 

Ezra Stiles, Connecticut, 1727 — 1795. "History of Three of the Judges of 
Charles I." " Diary and Miscellaneous Unpuhlished Papers." 

.James Otis, Massachusetts, 1724 — 1783. "Advantages of Kepresentation, etc." 

.Jeremy Belknap, Massachusetts, 1797 — 1805. "History of New Hampshire." 
" The Forester." " Life of Watts." "American Biographies." 

William Livingston, New York, 1723—1790. "Philosophic Solitude." "A 
Review of Military Operations in North America from 1753 — 56," etc. 

Francis Hopkinson, New Jersey, 1738 — 1791. "A Letter on White Washing." 
" The Battle of the Kegs." Hymns, Ballads, etc. 

Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Pennsylvania. 1748 — 1816. "Ode on Battle of 
Bunker Hill." " Modern Chivalrv." 



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1T97— 1801. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
JOHN ADAMS, MASS., VICE-PRES. THOS. JEFFERSON, VA. 

Cabinet. 
Secretary of State— Timothy Pickering, Massachusetts. 
Secretary of Treasury — Oliver "Wolcott, Connecticut. 
Secretary of War — James McHenry, Maryland. 
Attorney-General — Charles Lee, Virginia. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court— Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, 1796-1807. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Wm. Clifton, Pennsylvania, 1772-1799. " The Group." " Tallej'rand's Descent 

into Hell," and other poems. 
Elizabeth Ferguson, Pennsylvania, 1739-1801. "Poetical Correspondence." 

" Poetical Translation of Telemaque." 
.John Blair Linn, Pennsylvania, 1777-1804. " The Powers of Genius." " Bour- 

ville Castle." " Valerian." 
Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, 1743-1826. " Declaration of Independence. ' 

" Parliamentary Manual." " Notes on the State of Virginia." 
Joel Barlow, Connecticut, 1755-1812. " Vision of XUolumbus." " Columbiad." 

" The Babylonian Captivity." " The Hasty Pudding," etc. 
Charles Brockden Brown, Philadelphia, 1771-1810. "Arthur Mevyn." "Wie- 

land." " Ormond." " Edgar Huntley." " Clara Howard." " Jane Talbot." 

" The Man at Home." 
Jonathan Mitchell Sewall, Massachusetts, 1748-1808. "Epilogue to Cato." 

"Eulogy on Laughing." "War and Washington." 



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12 HANDY HELPS. 



1801—1809. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
THOMAS JEFFERSON, VA. 

Vice-Presidents: 1801-1805, Aaron Burr, N.J. 1805-1809, George Clinton, N. Y. 

Cabinet. 
Secretary of State — James Madison, Virginia. 
Secretary of Treasury — Albert Gallatin, native of Switzerland. 
Secretary of War — Henry Dearborn, Massachusetts. 
Secretary of Navy — Robert Smith, Maryland. 
Attorney-General — Levi Lincoln, Massachusetts. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — John Marshall, Virginia, 1801-1835. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Alexander Hamilton, New York, 1757-1804. Essays, Critical, Political, etc. 

" Series of Papers by Camillus Pacificus." 
Dr. Benj. Rush, Philadelphia, 1745-1813. " Medical Works." Essays, Literary, 

Moral, and Scientific. 
David Ramsay, South Carolina, 1745-1815. "History of the Revolution in 

South Carolina." " History of the American Revolution." " Life of 

Washington." " Medical Works," etc. 
Alexander Wilson, Scotland, 1766-1813. "American Ornithology." " Rab 

and Ringan, a Tale," and Miscellaneous Poems. 
Robert Treat Paine, jr., Massachusetts, 1773-1811. "The Ruling Passion." 

"Adams and Liberty." "The Invention of Letters." 
Thomas Paine, Pennsylvania, 1736-1809. "The American Crisis." "Common 

Sense." " From the Castle in the Air to the Little Corner of the World." 
Peter Folger, Nantucket Island, 1734-1789. " Dominum Collandamus." 
Joseph Brown Ladd, Rhode Island, 1764-1786. " Ode to Retirement." "What 

is Happiness ? " and other poems. 



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14 HANDY HELPS. 



1809— 181T. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
JAMES MADISON, VA. 

Vice-Presidents : 1809-1813, Geo. Clinton, N. Y. : 1813-1817, Elbridge Gerry, Mass. 

Cabinet 1809-1813. Cabinet 181:5-1817. 

Sec. of State — Robert Smith, Md. Sec. of State — James Monroe, Va. 

Sec. of Treas. — Albert Gallatin, Pa. Sec. of Treas.^Albert Gallatin, Pa. 

Sec. of War — William Eustis, Mass. Sec. of War — John Armstrong, N. Y. 

Sec. of Xavy — Paul Hamilton, S. C. Sec. of Xavv — William Jones. Pa. 
Postmaster-Gen. — Gid. Granger, Coun. 

Attorney-Gen. — Caesar A. RodTiey, Del. Attorney-Gen. — Win. Pinkney, Md. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — John Marshall, Virginia, 1801-1835. 
Henry Dearborn, Massachusetts, Commander-in-Chief in War of 1812. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Gouverneur Morris, Xew York, 17-j2-181t3. Political Satires, Newspaper 

Articles, etc. 
Benjamin Thompson, ^Massachusetts, 1753-1818. •• Miscellaneous Essays." 
Henry Lee, Virginia, 1756-1818. " Memories of the War in the Southern 

Department of the United States, etc." 
David Humphreys, Connecticut, 1753-1818. "Life of Putnam." "Mount 

Vernon." " The Shepherd." " The Monkey who shaved Himself and his 

Friends," a fable. " The Happiness of America." 
Alexander Graydon, Pennsylvania, 1752-1818. " Memoirs." " Notes of a 

Desultory Reader." 
Rev. Timothy Dwight. D.D.. Massachusetts, 1752-1817. " Theology Explained 

and Defended." "The Triumph of Infidelity" (satirical poem). "Con- 
quest of Canaan," etc. 
Francis S. Key, Maryland, 1770-1843. "The Star Spangled Banner." "Rhyme 

for the Fourth of Julv," etc. 



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16 HANDY HELPS. 



1817—1825. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADWINISTRATION OF 
JAMES MONROE, VA., VICE-PRES. D. D. TOMPKINS, N. Y. 

(.'.VlUNKT. 

Secretary of State — John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts. 
Secretary of Treasury — William H. Crawford. Gt'ori^ia. 
Secretary of "War — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina. 
Secretary of Navy — B. "W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts.'* 
Postmaster-General — R. J. Meigs, Ohio. 
Attorney-General — Richard Rush, Pennsylvatiiii. 

-■■Was continued, having been appointed by Madison, December 14th. 
Chief .Justice of the Supreme Court — .John Marshall, Virginia, 1801-183.5. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Joseph Rodman Drake. N.-w Y.-ik, 179;j-18-20. "The Culprit Fay." "The 

Mocking Bird,' and ntlier poems. 
Mason L. Weems, Virginia, 17<XI-182o. " I.,ife of AVashington." "Life of 

Franklin.' "Life of "William Penn." " Life of Gen. Francis Marion. 
Susanna Rowson, Massachusetts, 1702-1824. "Victoria." "Mary; ^r The Test 

of Honor." '-A Trip to Parnassus." " Charlotte Temple." " The Trials 

of the Heart." " The Volunteers." "The Female Patriot." " Reuben and 

Rachel." A Dictionary and two Geographies. 
Robert Goodloo Harper, South Carolina, 17t>'>-182"). Spee<'hes on political and 

forensic subjects. 
De Witt Clinton, New York. 1 7t;<t-1828. " The Letters of llil)ernicus." " Essay 

on Literary Taste." 
James McClurg, Virginia, 1747-1825. " Medical Essays." "The Belles of Will- 
iamsburg" (poem). " Sequel to the Belles of Williamsburg." 
I^indley Murray, New York, 174")-182ti. " l*ower of Rfdigion on the ilind." 

"English (irammar." "Autobiography." Poems. 
I{»>yal Tyler, MassacluiS(»tts. 17-'')(>-182l». "The Anticipation." "Pleasures and 

Profits of a Pedagogue." " May-Day; or New York in an Uproar." "Tiie 

(teorgia Apes, or I^and in the Moon." "The Algerine Captive; or The 

Life ami .Adventures of Dr. Updiko I'nderhill." 
St. George Tucker, Virginia, 17.')2-1827. Stanzas. Essays. .Vunotuted edition 

of Bhickstone. 
Sanniel Peters, Connecticut, 17".t'>-lH"Jt;. •• History of Connecticut." 



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1 8 HAND Y HELPS. 



1825—1829. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, VICE-PRES. JOHN C. CALHOUN, S. C. 

Cabinet. 
Secretary of State — Henry Clay, Kentucky. 
Secretary of Treasury — Richard Rush, Pennsylvania. 
Secretary of War — James Barbour, Virginia. 
Secretary of Navy^Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey. 
Postmaster-General — John McLean, Ohio. 
Attorney-General — Wm. Wirt, Virginia. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court— John Marshall, Virginia, 1801-1835. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

John Quincy Adam.<, 1767-1848. " Lives of Celebrated Statesmen." 

John M. Mason, Ncav York, 1770-1829. "Sermons." "Essays." "Miscel- 
lanies." 

Samuel L. Mitchell, Long Island, 1764-18;)1. '• History of the Botanical 
Writers of America." " The Fishes of New York." " Elegy on a Shell : 
The Nautilus." ■• Pythagoras and Sappho." 

John Trumbull, Connecticut, 1750-1831. " McFingal." "The Progress of 
Dullness. ' 

Isaiah Thomas, Massachusetts, 174!i-]831. " New England Almanac." "His- 
tory of Printing." 

Hannah Adams, Massachusetts. 1756-1832. " Histoi-y of New England." 
"History of the Jews" (unfinished). "View of Religious Opinions." 

Philip Freneau, New Y'ork, 1752-1832. "The Dying Indian." "The Indian 
Student" or "Force of Nature." " Lines to a Truly Great Man." " Lines 
to a Would-be Great Man," and other poems. 

William Wirt, 1772-1834. "Life of Patrick Henry." "The Old 

Bachelor." " Eulogium on Adams and Jefterson." "The British Spy." 

John Randolph, Virginia, 1773-1832. Orations. Letters. 



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1829— 183T. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
ANDREW JACKSON, N. C. 

Vice-Presidents: 1829-1832, John C. Calhoun; 1833-1837, Martin Van Buren. 
Caiuxet First Term. Cabinet Second Term. 

Sec. of State — Martin Van Buren, N.Y. Sec. of State — John Forsyth, Ga. 
Sec. of "War — John H. Eaton, Tenn. Sec. of War — Gen. Lewis Cass, 0. 
Sec. of Navy — John Branch, N. C. Sec. of Navy — Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. 

Sec. of Treasury — S. D. Ingham, Pa. Sec. of Treasury — L. Woodbury, N. H. 
Postmaster-Gen. — Wm. T. Barry, Ky. Postmaster-Gen. — Amos Kendall, Ky. 
Attorney-Gen. — J. McP. Berrien, Ga. Attorney-Gen. — Benj. F. Butler, N. Y. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court — John Marshall, Virginia, 1801-35. 
Chief Justice of Supreme Court — Roger Brooke Taney, Md., 1837-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Abiel Holmes, Connecticut, 1763-1837. "American Annals." " Life of Dr. Ezra 
Stiles." " Memoirs of the French Protestants." "History of the Town of 
Cambridge." 

Tabitha Tenny, New Hampshire, 1762-1837. -'The Adventures of Dorcasina 
Sheldon; or Female Quixotism." 

Edward Livingston, New York, 1764-1836. "A Volume of Judicial Opinions.'' 
" System of a Penal Code for the State of Louisiana." 

Henry Pickering, Massachusetts, 1781-1838. "The Dismantled Cabinet." "The 
Buckwheat Cake." " The House in which I was Born." 

Thomas Green Fessenden, New Hampshire, 1771-1837, "The Country Lov- 
ers." " The Terrible Tractoration." Editorials, etc. 

William Dunlap, New Jersey, 1766-1839. "The Father of an Only Child." 
" History of New York, for Schools." " Memoirs of a Water-Drinker." 

Aaron Bancroft, Massachusetts, 1755-1840. " Life of George Washington." 
" Sermons on the Doctrines of the Gospel." 

Daniel Webster, 1782-1852. Orations. 

.lolin C. Calhoun, South Carolina, 1782-1850. Orations. 

Henrv Clav, Virginia, 1777-1852. Orations. 



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HANDY HELPS. 



1837—1841. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
MARTIN VAN BUREN, N.Y. 

Vice-President, Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. 

Cahinet. 

Secretary of State — John Forsyth, Georgia. 
Secretary of War — Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina. 
Secretary of Navy — Mahlon Dickerson, New Jersey. 
Secretary of Treasury — Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire. 
Postmaster-General — Amos Kendall, Kentucky. 
Attorney-General — Benjamin F. Butler, New York. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court — ^Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, 1837-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Joseph Hopkinson, Pennsylvania, 1770-1842. " Hail Columbia."' 

Noah Webster, 1758-1843. Spelling Book. Dictionary. 

Timothy Flint, Massachusetts, 1780-1840. "System of Divinity."' " Recollec- 
tions of Ten Years passed in the Valley of the Mississippi."' -'Francis 
Berrian ; or the Mexican Patriot." 

Samuel Woodworth, Massachusetts, 1785-1842. "The Old Oaken Bucket."' 
" The Forest Rose." " The Champions of Freedom." 

William Ellery Channing, Rhode Island, 1780-1842. "Essaj^s on Milton and 
Napoleon Bonaparte and Fenelon," and on " Self-Culture," etc. 

Beverly Tucker, Virginia, 1784-1851. " The Partisan Leader." " George Ral- 
combe." "Gertrude." "A Work on Pleading." "Lectures on Govern- 
ment." 

Sam'l L. Knapp, Massachusetts, 1784-1838. " Biographical Sketches." " Lect- 
ures on American Literature."' " The Bachelor and other Tales.' 

Gulian C. Verplank, New York. 1781-1870. " The Right Moral Influenco and 
Use of Liberal Studies." " The American Student." etc. 



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2 4 HAND Y HELPS. 



1841—1845. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, VA. 

Vice-President, John Tyler, Va., afterward President. 

Cabinet. Cabinet. 

Sec. of State — Daniel Webster, Mass. Sec. of State — Daniel Webster, Mass. 

Sec. of Treasury — Thomas Evving, O. Sec. of Treasury — Walter Forward, Pa. 

Sec. of War — John Bell, Tenn. Sec. of War — John McLean, O. 

Sec. of Navy — Geo. E. Badger, N. C. Sec. of Navy — Abel P. Upshur, Va. 

Postmaster-Gen. — P. Granger, N.Y. Postmaster-Gen. — C. A. Wickliffe, Ivy. 

Attorney-Gen. — J. J. Crittenden, Ky. Attorney-Gen. — Hugh S. Legare, S. C. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court — -Roger Brooke Taney, Md., 18o7-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Joseph Story, Massachusetts, 1779-1845. "Commentaries on the Constitution 

of the United States." " Lectures on the Science of Government."' 
Maria Brooks, Massachusetts, 1795-1845. " Zophiel." "Esther, and other 

Poems." "Idomen; or The Vale of the Yerinuri." 
Dr. James Thacher,- Massachusetts, 1754-1844. "American Medical Biography." 

" Military Journal During the American Revolution." " Observations on 

Hydrophobia," etc. 
William Biglow, Massachusetts, 1773-1844. "The History of Natick, Mass." 

" The History of Sherburn, Mass." " The Cheerful Parson and Other 

Poems." 
Ale.xander H. Everett, Boston, 1790-1847. "Critical and Miscellaneous Essays." 
Thonuis R. Dew, Virginia. Died 1846. " Slavery." "Ancient and Modern 

History." 
Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Massachusetts, 1810-1850. " Summer on the Lakes." 

" Papers on Literature and Art." " Woman in the Nineteenth Century." 

"At Home and Abroad." 
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Boston, 1803-1882. " Conduct of Life." " Represent- 
ative Men." " Essays and Poems." 
Washington Allston, South Carolina, 1779-1843. " The Sylphs of the Season." 

" Monaldi," etc. 
Lydia Child, Massachusetts, 1802-1882. " Biographies of Good Wives." " Ho- 

bomak." " Philothea." " History of the Condition of Women in all Ages." 



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HANDY HELPS. 



1845—1849. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
JAMES K. POLK, N. C, VICE-PRES. GEO. M. DALLAS, PA. 

Cabinet. 

Secretary of State — James Buchanan, Pennsylvania. 
Secretary of Treasury — Robert J. Walker, Mississippi. 
Secretary of "War — William L. Marcy, New York. 
Secretary of Navy — George Bancroft, Massachusetts. 
Postmaster-General — Cave Johnson, Tennessee. 
Attorney-General — John Y. Mason, Virginia. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, 
1837-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Washington Irvizig, New York, 1783-1859. "Knickerbocker's New York." 

" Tales of a Traveler." " Wolfert's Roost." " Sketch Book." Lives of 

Washington, Columbus, Goldsmith, etc. 
Jas. K. Paulding, New York, 1779-1860. "John Bull and Brother Jonathan." 

" The History of Uncle Sam and his Boys." " The Lay of the Scottish 

Fiddle." " Letters from the South by a Northern Man." " Old Times 

in the New World," " The Puritan and his Daughter." " Slavery in the 

United States." 
William H. Prescott, Massachusetts, 1796-1859. " Ferdinand and Isabella." 

" Conquest of Mexico." " Conquest of Peru." " Philip II." 
William Gilmore Simms, South Carolina, 1806-1870. "Atalantis." " Martin 

Faber." " Castle Dismal; or The Bachelor's Christmas." "The Partisan." 

" Mellichampe." " Katherine Walton." " The Scout." " Beauchampe, a 

Tale of Kentucky." " The Yemassee." " The Lily or the Tatem; or The 

Huguenots in Florida." 
James Fenimore Cooper, New Jersey, 1789-1851. " Deerslayer." "Spy." 

" Last of the Mohicans." " History of the Navy of the United States." 

" Lives of American Naval Officers," etc. 
George Bancroft, Massachusetts, 1800-1891. "History of the United States." 

" Literary and Historical Miscellanies." 
John P. Kennedy, Maryland, 1795-1870. "The Red Book." "Swallow Barn." 

" Horseshoe Robinson." " The Annals of Quodlibet." "Life of William 

Wirt." " Mr. Ambrose's Letters on the Rebellion," etc. 
William A. Caruthers, Virginia, 1802-1850. " Cavaliers of Virginia." " The 

Knights of the Golden Horseshoe." "The Kentuckian in New York." 
Edgar Allan Poe, Maryland, 1819-1849. " The Raven." "Annabel Lee," and 

other poems and prose tales. 
John J. Audubon, Louisiana, 1782-1851. "Ornithologist: Birds of America.'' 

" Quadrupeds of America." 



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1849—1850. 1850—1853. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
ZACHARY TAYLOR, VA., VICE-PRES. MILLARD FILLMORE, N. Y. 

Millard Fillmore President after Taylor's Death. 

Cabinet 1849-1850. Cabinet 1850-1853. 

Sec. of State— John M. Clayton, Del. Sec.of State— *Daniel Webster, Mas.s. 
Sec. of Treas.— Wm. M. Meredith, Penn. Sec. of Treas.— Thomas Corwin, Ohio. 
Sec. of War— Geo. W. Crawford, Ga. Sec. of War— C. M. Conrad, La. 
Sec. of Navy — Wm. B. Preston, Ya. Sec. of Navy— Wm. A. Graham, N. C. 

Sec. of Interior— Thos. Evving, Ohio. Sec. of Inter.- Alex. H. H. Stuart, Va. 
Postmaster-Gen. — Jacob Collamer, Vt. Postmaster-Gen. — N. K. Hall, N. Y. 
Attorney-Gen. — Eeverdy Johnson, Md. Attor.-Gen. — John J. Crittenden, Ky. 

-Succeeded by Edward Everett. 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — Pvoger Brooke Taney, Md., 1837-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Wm. Ware, Massachusetts. 1797-1852. " Zenobia." "Julian." " Probus." 
" Letters from Palmyra."" '• Sketches of European Capitals."' " Lectures 
on Allston." 

Horace Mann, Massachusetts, 1796-1859. "Speeches and Lectures on Edu- 
cation." 

Eliza Townsend, Massachusetts, 1789-1854. "The Incompreh.ensibility of 
God." "The Rainbow" (poem), etc. 

Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina, 1779-1851. "Notes on Mexico." "Essays 
and Orations on Practical Subjects." 

Andrews Norton, Massachusetts, 1786-1852. "Genuineness of the Gospel."' 
Poems, Hymns, etc 

Eliza Leslie, Pennsylvania, 1787-1858. Cook Book. "Juvenile Stories." 
" Mrs. Washington Potts." "Althea Vernon," etc. 

Archibald Alexander, Virginia, 1772-1851. "Evidences of Christianity." 
"History of Colonization on the West Coast of Africa." "History of the 
Israelitish Nation." 

Samuel G. Goodrich (Peter Parley), Connecticut, 1793-1860. Ancient His- 
tory. Universal History. Pictorial Histories of England, France, Greece, 
Rome, and the United States. 

N.P.Willis, Maine, 1806-1867. "Letters from Under the Bridge." "Two 
Ways of Dying for a Husband." " Hurry-Graphs." "Out-doors at Idle- 
wild." " Paul Fane," etc. 

George P. Morris, Philadelphia, 1801-1864. "Briar Clitf."" "The Deserted 
Bride." " Woodman Spare that Tree." " The Little Frenchman and his 
Water Lots." 



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30 HANDY HELPS. 



1853—1857. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
FRANKLIN PIERCE, N. H., VICE-PRES. WM. R. KING, N. C. 

Cabinet. 
Secretary of State — Wm. L. Marcy, New York. 
Secretary of Treasury — James Guthrie, Kentucky. 
Secretary of War — JeflPerson Davis, Mississippi. 
Secretary of Navy — James C. Dobbin, North Carolina. 
Secretary of Interior — Eobert McClelland, Michigan. 
Postmaster-General — James Campbell, Pennsylvania. 
Attorney-General — Caleb Cushing, Massachusetts. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, 
1837-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Henry Reed, Philadelphia, 1808-1854. " Lectures on English Literature." 
" Lectures on History as illustrated by Shakespeare." 

Dr. James G. Percival, Connecticut, 1795-1856. " Zamor." "Clio." "Pro- 
metheus." " Maria, the Village Girl." 

J. W. Alexander, New Jersey, 1804-1859. "American Mechanic and Work- 
ing Man." "Consolation." "Thoughts on Family Worship," etc. 

Wm. C. Redfield, Connecticut, 1789-1857. Author of the circular theory of 
storms and other scientific observations and writings. 

Rufus W. Griswold, Vermont, 1815-1857. " Poets and Poetry of America." 
" Prose Writers of America." " Female Poets of America." 

Charles Hodge, Philadelphia, Pa., 1797-1878. "Commentaries on Romans, 
Ephesians, First and Second Corinthians." " Systematic Theology." " The 
Way of Life." " What is Darwinism," etc. 

Calvin Colton, Massachusetts, 1799-1857. "A Manual for Emigrants to 
America." " The Americans, by an American in London." " The Amer- 
ican Cottager." " Church and State in America." 

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Connecticut, 1812. " Uncle Tom's Cabin." " Oldtown 
Folks." "Ministers Wooing." "Little Foxes." "House and Home 
Papers," etc. 



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3 2 HAND Y HELPS. 



1857— 18G1. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
JAMES BUCHANAN, PA., VICE-PRES. J. C. BRECKINRIDGE, KY. 

Cabinet. 
Secretary of State — Lewis Cass, Micliigan. 
Secretary of Treasury — Howell Cobb, Georgia. 
Secretary of "War — John B. Floyd, Virginia. 
Secretary of Navy — Isaac Toucey, Connecticut. 
Secretary of Interior^Jacob Thompson, Mississippi. 
Postmaster-General — Aaron V. Brown, Tennessee. 
Attorney-General — Jeremiah Black, Pennsylvania. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, 
1837-1864. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Alice Carey, Ohio, 1822-1870. " Clovei-nook." "Hager." "Married, not 

Mated." " Hollywood,"' and poems. 
Phebe Carey, Ohio, 1824-1870. Poems. 
J. "Worcester, 1784-1865. Dictionary. 
J.Addison Alexander, New Jersey, 1809-1859. -'Commentaries on Psalms, 

Isaiah, Acts, etc." " Primitive Church Government." 
C. J. Ingersoll, Pennsylvania, 1782-1862. "Eights and "Wrongs, Power and 

Policy of the United States of America." "Edwin and Elgiva" (a tragedy). 

"Inchiquin's Letters."' 
Edward Robinson, Connecticut, 1794-1863. "Palestine, Past and Present." 

"Founder of Bibliotheca Sacra." 
Edward Everett, Massachusetts, 1794-1865. Orations. " Dirge of Alaric." 
Lydia Sigourney, Connecticut, 1791-1865. "Tales and Essays for Children."' 

"Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse." "Lettei's to Young Ladies." 
Matthew Maury, Virginia, 1806-1873. " Physical Geographj\" "Geography 

of the Sea," etc. 
Theodore Winthrop, Connecticut, 1828-1861. "Cecil Dreeme." -John 

Brent." " March of the Seventh." 



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HANDY HELPS. 



1861—1865. 



1865—1869. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, KY., V. P. ANDREW JOHNSON, N. C. 



Cabinet 1801—1865. 
Sec. of State— Wm. H. Seward, N. Y. 
Sec. of Treas.— Salmon P. Chase, Ohio. 
Sec. of War — Simon Cameron, Pa. 
Sec. of Navy — Gideon Welles, Conn. 
Sec. of Interior — Caleb Smith, Ind. 
Postmaster-Gen. — Mont. Blair, Md. 
Attornev-Gen. — ^Edward Bates, Mo. 



Cabinet 1865—1869. 
Sec. of State— Wm. H. Seward, N. Y. 
Sec. of Treas.— Hugh McCuIloch, Ind. 
Sec. of War— Edwin M. Stanton, O. 
Sec. of Navy — Gideon Welles, Conn. 
Sec. of Interior — J. P. Usher, Ind. 
Postmaster-Gen. — Wm. Denison, O. 
Attorney-Gen. — James Speed, Ky. 



Chief Justice of Supreme Court — R. B. Taney to 1864, Salmon P. Chase, Ohio. 
1864-1873. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

James Hall, Pennsylvania, 1793-1868. " The Dark Maid of Illinois." '• Let- 
ters from the West." "Sketches of History, Life, and Manners in the 
West." " Legends of the West." " Border Tales." 

Archibald Alexander Hodge, New Jersey, 1823-1886. "Outlines of Theol- 
ogy." "The Atonement." "Commentary on Confession f)f Faith." 
"Presbyterian Doctrine Briefly Stated." 

A. B. Meek, 1814-1865. " Balaklava." "The Red Eagle." "Romantic 
Scenes in Southwestern History." 

Richard Hildreth, Massachusetts, 1807-1865. "History of United States." 
'• Theory of Politics." 

Fitz-Greene Halleck, Connecticut, 1790-1867. "Marco Bozzaris." "Fanny." 
" Burns." " Field of the Grounded Arms, etc." 

Jared Sparks, Connecticut, 1794-1866. "The Diplomatic Correspondence of 
the American Revolution." " Library of American Biography." " Life 
of Benjamin Franklin." 

Catherine M.Sedgwick, Massachusetts, 1789-1867. "Stories for Young Per- 
sons." " Tales and Sketches of Home." ' 

I). P. Thompson, Vermont, 1795-1868. "May Martin, or the Money Diggers." 
"The Green Mountain Boys." "Locke Amsden." "The Rangers." 

George D. Prentice, Connecticut, 1802-1869. " The Tempest." " Essays." 
" Editorials." " Prenticeiana." " The Flight of Year." 



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36 HANDY HELPS. 



1S(59_1STT. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
U. S. GRANT, 0. 

Vice-Presidents : 1869-1873, Schuyler Colfax, N. Y. ;i873-i877, Henry Wilson, N. H. 

C.viuxET lSt;!)-187M. . Cabinkt 187:3-1877. 

Sec. of State — Hamilton Fish, N. Y. Sec. of State — Hamilton Fish, N. Y. 

Sec. of Trejis. — Geo. S. Boutwell, Mass. Sec. of Treas. — B. H. Bristow, Ky. 

Sec. of War— John M. Schotield, N. Y. Sec. of War — W. W. Belknap, lii. 

Sec. of Navy — Adolph E. Boric, Penn. Sec. of Navy — Geo. M. Robeson, N. J. 

Sec. of Interior —Jacob D. Cox, Ohio. Sec. of Inter. — Zach. Chandler, Mich. 

Postmaster-Gen. — J. A. Cresswell, Md. Postmaster-Gen. — Mar. Jewell. Conn. 

Attorney-Gen. — E. 11. Hoar, Mass. Attorney-Gen. — Ed. Picrrcpont.N.Y. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — Morrison R. Waite, Conn.. 1874-1888. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

.1. Lothn.p Motley, Boston, 1814-1877. '■ History of tlie United Netherlands." 

'• Rise of the Dutch Republic." •• Life and Times of John Barneveldt." 
Alexander H. Stephens. Georgia. 1812-188:1 "History of the War between 

the States." 
Fred S. Cozzens, N. Y., 1818-180!). -Sparrowgrass Papers." 
II. T. Tuckcrman. Boston, 181:^1871. "Italian Sketch Book." "Artist Life." 

"Thoughts on the Poets." "Characteristics of Literature," and Essays, 

liiographical and critical. 
K. 11. Dana, sr., Ma.s.sachusctts, 1787-187'.t. •• Tlie Buccaneer." "Domestic 

Life." ■ Tlic Little Beech Bird." "Editorials for North American 

lie view.' 
Louis Agassiz, Switzerland. lH(t7-187;i " Contributions to tiie Natural History 

of Cnitcd States. 
Natlumiel Hawthorne, Mas.sachusclts. 1805-1876. " Tanglewood Talcs." 

" Mosses from an Old Manse." " House of the Seven Gables." •• Marble 

Fawn." " The Scarlet Letter," etc. 
Wni. CulliMi Hryant, Massachusetts, 1794-1870. " Thanatopsis.r "Tlie Em- 
bargo." " The Ages." " History of United States." etc. 
Mark Hopkin>. .Massachu.setts, 1802-1887. " Lectures on Evidences of Chris- 

tianitv." "The Laws of Love, and Love as Law." 



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1877— 18R1. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, 0., VICE-PRES. WM. A.WHEELER, N. Y. 

Cabin ET. 
Secretary of State — Win. M. Evarts, New York. 
Secretary of Treasury — John Sherman, Oliio. 
Secretary of War — George W. MoCrary, Iowa. 
Secretary of Navy — Richard W. Thompson, Indiana. 
Secretary of Interior — Carl Schur/., Missouri. 
Postmaster-General — David M. Key, Tennessee. 
Attorney-General — Charles Devens, Massachusetts. 

Chief .Juiitice of Supreme Court — Morris^on R. Waite. Connecticut. 1874-1888. 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

11. W. {..ongfcllow, .MiiiiH'. 1X01-1882. " Hyperion." •• Kavanaugii." •• Evan- 
geline." ■• lliawuthii." " .Milcs^ Stiuidisli." "Excelsior." "Psalm of 
Life," etc. 

(ieorge B. Cheever. Maine, 1807-1890. ".\uiL'rican Conimonplace Book of 
Prose." "Studies in Poetry, with Biographical Sketches of the Poets." 

Charles Gayare, Louisiana, 1805—. " History of Louisiana." "Spanish Domi- 
nation in Louisiana." " Fernando de Lemos," etc. 

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Massachusetts, 1809— . "The Autocrat of the Break- 
fast Table." " Professor at the Breakfa.st Table." " Mechanism of Morals." 
"Old Ironsides." "The One Horse Sliay." " Elsie Venner." etc. 

Wendell Phillips, Bost-.n. 1811-1884. "The Lost Arts." •• Orations." "Lec- 
tures." 

.1. G. Holland, Ma.s.sachu.setts, 1819-1881. " Kathrina." "The Titcomh Let- 
ters, etc." " The Bay Path. ' " Bitter Sweet." 

Bayard Taylor, 1825-1878. " Miss Gillx^rt's Career. ' " The Story of Kennett." 
" Ximena." "The Lands of the .Simnen." '■ By-ways of Europe." "The 
Poets Journal." et<'. 

Kdward Everett Hale, Ma.<sachu.seits. " Slury of .Mas.saehnselts." "Sybil 
" K.no.\," etc. 

Thonuu; Weiitwurth Higgui.-on. Ma.>isaciui.setls, 182:^ — . " Young Folks History 
of the United Statt's." " Oldport Days. ' ".Vtlantic Essays." etc. • 

.)ohn G. Saxe, Vermont, 181tl-1887. "The Moiu-y King." "The Times." 
"Progress." " Rajie of iIk; Loek. ' and other Humorous jind Satirieal 
Poems. 

J. <i. Whittier, 1808-1879. " Voices of Freedom. ' "In Wnr 'i'imcs. ' " Snow- 
l)ound." " Tli<^ Pennsylvania Pilgrim." "The Barefoot Boy, " etc. 

Kpes Sargent, .Massachusetts. 1824-1880. "Songs of the Sea." " Velasco," a 
tragetly. " Life and Services of Henry Clay." 



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1881. 1881—1885. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
JAMES A.GARFIELD, 0. 

Vice-President Chester A. Arthur, Vt., President after Garfield's death. 

Cabinet. 

Sec. of State — James G. Blaine, Me. Sec. <if State — F.T.Frelinghuysen.N.J. 

Sec. of Treas. — Wm. "Windom, Minn. Sec. of Treas. — Chas. J. Folger, N.Y. 

Sec. of War— Robert T. Lincoln, 111. Sec. of War— Robert T. Lincoln, 111. 

Sec. of Navy— Wm. H. Hunt, La. Sec. of Navy— Wm. E. Chandler, N.II. 

Sec. of Inter. — Sam. .1. Kirkwood, la. Sec. of Interior — llonry M. Teller, Col. 

Postmaster-Gen. — Thos. L. James. X.Y. Postmaster-Gen. — Tim. O. Huwe,Wis. 

Attor.-Gen. — Wayne McVeagli, Pa. Attt)r.-Gen. — Benj. Harris Brc\vster,Pa. 

Chief .Tu.stice <>f tin- Su])remi' Court — .Morrison R. Waite, 1874-1888. 

WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

James Russell Lowell, Massachusetts, 18i;t-i801. "A Year's Life." -The 

Vision of Sir liaunfal." " Prometheus." "Among 3Iy Books," etc. 
John Esten Cooke,Virginia, 18:50-1880. " Leather Stocking and Silk."' •• Surry 

of Eagle's Nest." "Mohun." -'Hilt to Hilt." '-Heir ^^i (iaymount." 

" Fairfax," etc. 
Helen Hunt Jackson, Rhode Island, 1830-1885. " Love's Largess." •• Ramona." 

" Between Whiles." " The Hunter Cats of Connerloa," etc. 
P;m] Hamilton Hayne, South Carolina, 1831-188G. "The Temptation of 

Venus." "Avolio," and other poems. 
Donald G. Mitchell, Connecticut, 1822 — . "Dream Life." "Reveries of a 

Bachelor.' "Wet Days at Edgewood." "Dr. Johns." etc. 
Susan Warner, New York, 1818-1885. " AVide Wide World." " Ciueeehy.'" 

" <)ld Helmet." " Melbourne House." " Daisy," etc. 
Annie Warner, New York. "Carl Krinken." "Mr. Rutherford's Children. "■ 

" Sybil and Chrissa," etc. 
Samu<d Langhorn Clemens (Mark Twain), Missouri, 1885 — . "Innocents 

Abroad." " Roughing it." " Tom Sawyer," etc. 
Sara Jano Lippincott ((Jrace Greenwood), New York. " IIa]is and Mishaps 

of a Tour in Europe." ".\ Forest Tragedy and Other Tales." "Bonnie 

Scotland." "Tales of Her History, Heroes and I'oets." "Stories and 

Sketches." 
Sidney Lanier, North Carolina, 1842-1881. " Science of English Verse." "The 

Engli.sh Novel." "From this Hundred-terraced Height," etc. 
M. V. Terhune ( Marion Harland ), Virginia. ".Vlone." " Moss Side. ' "Nem- 
esis." "Husbands and Homes.' "Common Sen.se in the Household." 

" Five's Daughters." " My Little Love." " .lessamine." 
Louise May Ab'oft, Mas.saehusetts. 18.-53-1888. "Little Women." -An ()M- 

fa.^liioiied Girl." " Littli- Men," etc. 
Augusta Kvans Wilson, Louisiana. " St. Elmo." " Beulah. " " Macaria," etc. 
Fraiie<s C. Fisher (Christian Reid ), North Carolina. "Land of the Sky."' 

" IJoiiiiy Kate. ' •' N'lileiie ,\ylmer. " ".\ tiui'stion of Honor." etc 



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1885—1889. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
GROVER CLEVELAND, N. J., VICE-PRES. T. A. HENDRICKS, 0. 

CAlilNKT. 

Secretary of State — Thomas F. Bayard, Delaware. 
Secretary of Treasury — Daniel Manning, New York. 
Secretary of "War — William C. Endicott, Massachusetts. 
Secretary of Navy — William C. Whitney, New York. 
Secretary of Interior — L. Q. C. Lamar, Mississippi. 
Postmaster-General — William F. Vilas, Wisconsin. 
Attorney-General — Augustus II. Garland, Arkansas. 

Chief Justice of Supreme Court— Morrison R. Waite, 1873-1888. 
Chief Justice of Supreme Court— Melville W. Fuller, Illinois, 1888— 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

Charles Eghert Cniddock. " In the Tennessee Mountains." '■ Where tlic Battle 

was Fought." " In the Stranger People's Country." 
Henry James. "An International Episode." *' The Story of a Year." "Thi? 

Lesson of the blaster." " Life of Hawthorne," etc. 
AV. 1). Howells. " Suhurban Sketches." "Their Weddini;- Jouriu-y." "A 

Modern Instance." " The Quality of Mercy." 
Joel Chandler Harris. "Nights with Uncle Eemus." " Uncle Kenuis and his 

Friends." '• Character Sketches." " The Old Bascom Place." 
Li-w Wallace. " Ben Hur." 
Amelie Rives Chandler. ""S'irginia of A'irginia." "A Brother to Dragons." 

" The Farrier Lass," etc. 
Tiionias W. Knox. "The Boy Travelers in Central Europe," etc. 
Will M. Carlcton. " Betsy and I. ' " Farm Legends," etc. 
Francis Bret Harte. "The Luck of Roaring Camp." " Tlic Outcasts of Poker 

Flat." "The Heathen Chinee." 
F. D. Srygley. " Seventy Years in Dixie." 

Edward Egglestoii. "The Graysons." " The Hoosicr Schoolmaster." 
Lafcadio Hcarn. "Youma." "Chita; or Lost Ishmd." 
George W. Cable. "Old Creole Days." "The Grandissimes." 
Mri*. Francis Hodgson Burnett. "Through One Administration." " Louisiana." 

" Little Lord Fauntleroy." " Sara Crewe." " That Lass o' Lowrie's," etc. 
Mrs. Margaret J. Preston. " Beechenbrook." "Old Song and New." "A Hand- 
ful of Mon<igra]>hs. " "Colonial Ballads." etc. 
Mrs. A. D. T.Whitney. "A Golden Gossip." " We Girls." •• U.-al Folks." etc. 
Theodore Child, died lH!t'2. "The Spanish American Republics." "Up the 

Parami River. ' "The Praise of Paris." ' Tlie Desire of Beauty." etc. 
Edward Bellamy. " Looking Backward." 
George William Curti.s, died August 31, 189'J. " Prue and I.' Olli.M- Es.says 

from the Ea.sy Chair, etc. 
K. P. Roe, died 1888. " From Jest to Earnest." " Barriers Buriie<l .\way," <'te. 



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1K80— 1S9:]. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
BENJAMIN HARRISON, 0, VICE-PRES. L P. MORTON, VT. 

Cabinet. 

Secretary of State — James G. Blaine, Maine. 
Secretary of Treasury — William Windom, Minnesota. 
Secretary of War— Redfield Proctor, Vermont. 
Secretary of Navy — Benjamin F. Tracy, New York. 
Secretary of Interior — John W. Noble, Missouri. 
Secretary of Agriculture — Jeremiah ]\[. Rusk, Wisconsin. 
Pi>stmaster-(ieiieral — John Wannamakor, Pennsylvania. 
Attorney-General — W. U. II. driller, Indiana. 

Chief .histicc of Supreini- Court — .Melville W. Fuller. Illinois. 1888— 



WRITERS OF UNITED STATES. 

'.\ Little Ji.urnev in th<- W.-rld. 



" Marjorie Daw."' 
" In Ole Virginia." 

Flvino; Islands of the Night.' 



Charles Dudley Warner. ".\ Little Journey in the W.-rld." -Our Itjilv." 

" In the Levant." etc. 
Thomas Bailey Aldrich. "Story of a Bad Boy. " 
Thomas Nelson Page. "On Newfound River." 
James Wliitcomh Riley. "Afterwhiles." 'Tlif 

" Old-fashioned Roses," etc. 
John Lord. " Beacon Lights of History.'" 

Francis Marion Crawford. " The Witch of Prague." " Khaled." 
Captain King. "The Colonel's Daughter." "Between the Lines," etc. 
'Ro.se Nouchette Carey. " Wee Wifie." " Not Like Other Girls." 
.lames Lane Allen. "John Gray." " Flute and Violin." •• Wliite Cowl," etc. 
Henry Watterson. "Oddities of Life in the South,' etc. 

Franiis IIoj)kinson Smith. "Colonel Carter of Cartersville." "Captain Joe." 
Constance Fenimore Woolson. "Ann." " In Cairo." " P^ast Angels,"' etc. 
M. G. McClelland. "Oblivion." "Princess." " Madam Silva." 
Roland E. Robinson. " The Highway of War" ( Vermont). 
T. C. De Leon. "Juny." "A Fair IJlockade Breaker." "Creole 

tan, " etc. 
John Fiskc. "The Critical Period of American History."' 
Julia McGruder. "Across the Chasm." "A Magnilict-iit rU-lMi.in. 

chor. " " Honored in the Breach," etc 
Thonia-s A. Janvier. "The Uncle of an \\v. 

dens," ell'. 
Mary K. Wilkins. "A New Kngiand Nun. " 
(;rai<? King. " Talis of a Timr ami i'larr. ' 

lings, " etc. 
.Inlih Musiik. "A Century T1.0 Soon." •• Culumhia. " -.V St..iy ..f tli.. I)i.«- 
coverv I'T ,\Mierica," etc. 



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•• .San .Vritoni" "t" llic (iar- 

The Itrvolt i.f MothiT." 
Sieur lie Bii-nvllle. " •• Kartli- 



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U.S. HISTORY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF 
GROVER CLEVELAND, N. J., V.-PRES. ADLAI STEVENSON, KY. 

Cabinet. 

Secretary of State — Walter Q. Grosham, Illinois. 
Secretary of Treasury — John G. Carlisle, Kentucky. 
Secretary of War — Daniel S. Lament, New York. 
Secretary of Navy — Hilary A. Herbert, Alabama. 
Secretary of Interior — Hoke Smith, Georgia. 
Secretary of Agriculture— J. Sterling Morton, Nebra.ska. 
Postmaster-General — Wilson S. Bissell, New York. 
Attorney-General — Richard Olney, Massachusett.s. 

Chief Justice ..f Supreme Court— Melville W. Fuller, Illinois, 1888 — 



A FEW MORE RECENT WRITERS. 

Julian Ralph. " Our Great West." " On Canada's Frontier," etc. 
Katherine Pearson Wot)ds. •• Metzerott, Shoemaker." "The ]\Iark nf tli 

Bea.st." " From Dusk to Dawn," etc. 
Horatio O. Ladd. " Tlic Story <>f New Mexico." 

Frank R. Stockton, "The Lady or the Tiger." " Hou.se of Martha, .-k . 
John Clark Ridpath. " History i>f United States.." 



SOME RECENT POETS. 

Robert Burns Wilson. Kdmund ClanMice Stodman. Edith M. Thomas. 
Louise Chandler Moulton. F'rank Di-mpster Sherman. Madison Cawcin. 
llonrv M. Stanton. Ella Wheider Wilco.x. 



Note. Wo can not claim in so limited a space to have given all or even 

the best of the books that have been written, for where shall we find ii standard 
(if best in which all will agree! There is indeed such an embarrassment of 
ri('hcs that wo could attcmjit iiotliing more than simply to dip into an ocean 
of good things, ami offer t<> nur friends what seemed to u> a fair sample of what 
is being written and read. 



MATTERS OF INTEREST BEFORE CONGRESS. 



The financial depression, attributed by many to the Sherman Act, will de- 
mand first attention. Free coinage, silver standard, repeal of the Sherman 
Act, bimetalism, etc., are questions that will probably come before the extra 
session of Congress called for in August. 

Hawaian annexation is still an open question. The request for closer rela- 
tions to the United States came from a provisional government, and just how 
far this expresses the wish of the people has not j^et been satisfactorily demon- 
strated, and no permanent move can be made in the matter until it is. 

The Chinese Exclusion Bill stands before the public somewhat thus : 
1868. Biirlingame Treaty between United States and China : 

Special provisions also stipulated for entire liberty of conscience and worship for 
Americans in China and Chinese in America ; for joint efforts against the Coolie trade ; 
for the enjoyment by Chinese in America and Americans in China of all rights in respect 
to travel and residence awarded to citizens of the most favored nations. 

1880. In modification of the above: 

Article I. Whenever in the opinion of the Government of the United States the com- 
ing of the Chinese laborers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects or 
threatens to affect the interests of that country, to endanger the good order of the said 
country, or of any locality within the territory "thereof, the Government of China agrees 
that the Government of the United States may regulate, limit, or suspend such coming 
or residence, but not absolutely prohibit it. 

Article II of sam^e. Chinese subjects — teachers, students, merchants, etc. — and Chinese 
laborers who are now in the United States, shall be allowed to go and come of their own 
free will and accord. 

Article IV of same. If such measures as enacted are found to work hardships upon 
the subjects of China, the Chinese Minister at Washington may bring the matter to tlie 
notice of the Secretary of State of the United States, who will consider the suV)ject with 
him. 

1892. Chinese Exclusion Bill passed by Congress: 

That from and after the passage of this act it shall be unlawful for any Chinese person 
or persons, whether subjects of the Chinese Empire or otherwise, as well as those who 
are now within the limits of the United States, and who may hereafter leave the United 
States and attempt to return as those who have never been here, or, having been here, 
have departed from the United States (save aud excepting only the following classes, 
that is to say, such Chinese persons as may be duly accredited to the Government of the 
United States, as ministers plenipotentiary or other diplomatic representatives, consuls- 
general, consular and commercial agents, including other officers of the Chinese or other 
governments traveling on the business of the Government, with their body and house- 
hold servants), to come to or within or to laud at any port or place within the United 
States, whether for the purpose of transit or otherwise, excepting the classes hereinto- 
fore specifically described aud excepted, from and after the passage of this act, be and 
the same is hereby absolutely i)rohibited. 

It is to be hoped leisure may be found in the near future to reshape the 
various treaties and acts in such way as will reconcile them one with the other, 
and with the requirements of international justice, without any sacrifice of tKt 
nation's real good. 



48 



HANDY HELPS. 



REIGNING SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE. 

Great Britain Eiiii)ress Vifturia. riiiui; iliiiistcr Gladstone. 

France President Sadi ("arnot. Prime Minister M. Cl)arles 

Diipuy. 

Germany Emperor AVilliaia III. 

Spain Ki'ig Alfonso XIII. 

Portugal King Carlos I. 

Tile Netherlands Queen "Wilhelmina ( Ue<^enoy). 

Sweden and Norway. .King Osear II. 

Denmark King Cliristian I .\. 

Russia Czar Ale.vander III. 

Switzerlaml Dr. Charles Emmanuel Sclieiiek eleeted President Tor 

one year, Decemher lH. IStfJ. 

IJelgium King Leopold II. 

Greece King (Jeorge I. 

Italy King Humbert I. 

Bulgaria Prince Ft^rdinand. 

iioumanin Princes Cliarli's I. 

Montenegro Prince Nicholas. 

Servia Ki"g Alexander. 

Austria and lluni^ary . Emperor Fran/, .Josef. 

NOTE. 

With th<> Cabinet officers the State given is that with which their public 
life was identified rather than the one in which they were born, where they 
were not the sanio. \Ve deemed this more just, and it will doubtless prove 
more satisfactory. In a few ca.ses we have* made tlie same exception with 
referencf! to writers for similar n-asun. Otherwisi' tlu' Stale given is the 
birthplace. 



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